Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

The origin of electrical activity accompanying volcanic ash plumes is an area heightened interest in volcanology. However, it unclear how intense eruption needs to be produce lightning flashes as opposed “vent discharges,” which represent the smallest scale activity. This study targets 97 carefully monitored <3 km high from Sakurajima volcano Japan, June 1 7, 2015. We use multiparametric measurements sensors including a nine-station mapping array and infrared camera characterize plume ascent. Findings demonstrate that impulsive, velocity (>55 m/s) were most likely create vent discharges, whereas occurred with volume flux. identified conditions where without detectable highlighting their independent source mechanisms. Our results imply dynamics govern charging for lightning, while characteristics explosion control discharges.